Uplistsikhe: the oldest rock-cut city in Georgia
Uplistsikhe — literally meaning "the Lord's Fortress" in Georgian — is one of the oldest urban settlements in Georgia and the Caucasus. Carved into the sandstone rock on the banks of the Mtkvari River, this cave city was inhabited since the first millennium BC and was for centuries an important religious, cultural and political centre of the kingdom of Iberia.
A city carved from rock: unique architecture in the Caucasus
What makes Uplistsikhe unique is that the entire city was carved directly into the sandstone rock: pagan temples, churches, a theatre, underground chambers, streets and stairways. Persian and Hellenistic influences are visible in the architecture, reflecting Georgia's position as a crossroads of civilisations. The blend of elements from different cultures is fascinating for historians and archaeologists alike.
From pagan centre to Christian city
Before the arrival of Christianity in Georgia in the 4th century, Uplistsikhe was an important centre of pagan worship. The temples dedicated to pre-Christian deities are among the most interesting structures on the site. With Georgia's conversion to Christianity, the city was transformed and a Christian church was built over one of the ancient temples, in a process of cultural layering typical of Late Antiquity.
Decline and abandonment after the Mongol invasion
The Mongol invasion of the 13th century accelerated the decline of Uplistsikhe. The city, which had been a key hub for over a thousand years, was gradually abandoned. The last inhabitants left for good in the 19th century. Today it is an archaeological site designated as World Heritage that attracts thousands of visitors, students and researchers every year.
How to get to Uplistsikhe
- From Gori: 10 km to the east, about 15 minutes by car or taxi.
- From Tbilisi: about 90 km, roughly 1.5 hours by car.
- Combination: perfect with the city of Gori and the State Museum of Georgia in Tbilisi.
Frequently asked questions
What is Uplistsikhe and why is it important?
Uplistsikhe is an ancient rock-cut city in Georgia, inhabited since the 1st century BC, with pagan temples, churches, a theatre and underground chambers carved into sandstone. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Caucasus and reflects Georgia's cultural evolution from paganism to Christianity.
How do you get to Uplistsikhe?
The easiest access is from Gori (10 km, 15 min by taxi) or from Tbilisi (90 km, 1.5 h by car). There is no direct public transport to the site, so a taxi, rental car or organised tour is recommended.
How long does it take to visit Uplistsikhe?
A full visit of the site takes between 2 and 3 hours. The terrain is uneven and involves quite a bit of walking, so comfortable footwear and water are recommended. In summer it is best to go in the morning to avoid the midday heat.