Juma Mosque: the medieval Islamic heart of Baku's Old City
At the heart of Baku's Old City —Icheri Sheher— stands the Juma Mosque, one of the oldest and most venerable places of worship in Azerbaijan. Founded in the 12th century, this mosque is a silent witness to centuries of Azerbaijani history and remains an active religious centre in the very heart of the UNESCO World Heritage historic district.
History of the Juma Mosque
The Juma Mosque —Juma meaning "Friday" in Arabic, referring to the midday Friday prayer that gives it its name— was founded in the 12th century. Some parts of the current structure, however, date from the 18th century, when it was rebuilt and enlarged. This layering of eras makes the building an architectural palimpsest of Baku's Islamic history.
Medieval Islamic architecture
The mosque displays the characteristic features of traditional Islamic architecture of the Caucasus: a central dome, a slender minaret, brick and mortar walls, and decorative relief elements reflecting the craftsmanship of the era. The interior, austere and serene, invites contemplation and silence.
Religious and cultural significance
The Juma Mosque is an active place of worship: the faithful gather for the five daily prayers and especially for the Friday prayer (Juma namaz), which brings together the neighbourhood's Muslim community. It has been recognised as a protected historical monument by the Azerbaijani State.
How to visit the Juma Mosque
The mosque is inside the Old City (Icheri Sheher), just metres from the Maiden Tower. Non-Muslims are welcome outside prayer times. Modest dress is required; headscarves are available at the entrance.
Frequently asked questions
Which is the oldest mosque in Baku?
The Juma Mosque, in the Old City (Icheri Sheher), founded in the 12th century, is the oldest mosque in Baku still in active use.
Can tourists visit the Juma Mosque?
Yes, it is open to visitors outside prayer times. Modest clothing is required, and women must cover their heads.
Where exactly is the Juma Mosque in Baku?
Inside the Old City (Icheri Sheher), near the Maiden Tower. It is reachable on foot from any point in the historic centre.